In Debt We Trust

In America’s earliest days, there were barn-raising parties in which neighbors helped each other build up their farms. Today, in some churches, there are debt liquidation revivals in which parishioners chip in to free each other from growing credit card debts that are driving American families to bankruptcy and desperation. IN DEBT WE TRUST is the latest film from Danny Schechter, “The News Dissector,” director of the internationally distributed and award-winning WMD (Weapons of Mass Deception), an expose of the media’s role in the Iraq War. The Emmy-winning former ABC News and CNN producer’s new hard-hitting documentary investigates why so many Americans are being strangled by debt. It is a journalistic confrontation with what former Reagan advisor Kevin Phillips calls “Financialization”–the “powerful emergence of a debt-and-credit industrial complex.” While many Americans may be “maxing out” on credit cards, there is a deeper story: power is shifting into fewer hands…..with frightening consequences. IN DEBT WE TRUST shows how the mall replaced the factory as America’s dominant economic engine and how big banks and credit card companies buy our Congress and drive us into what a former major bank economist calls modern serfdom. Americans and our government owe trillions in consumer debt and the national debt, a large amount of it to big banks and billions to Communist China.



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What Would Jesus Buy?

An examination of the commercialization of Christmas in America while following Reverend Billy and the Church of Stop Shopping Gospel Choir on a cross-country mission to save Christmas from the Shopocalypse (the end of humankind from consumerism, over-consumption and the fires of eternal debt.) The film also delves into issues such as the role sweatshops play in America’s mass consumerism and Big-Box Culture. From the humble beginnings of preaching at his portable pulpit on New York City subways, to having a congregation of thousands – Bill Talen (aka Rev. Billy) has become the leader of not just a church, but a national movement.



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Zeitgeist – The Movie: Federal Reserve

This is part 3 of the original Zeitgeist Movie (see some of my thoughts on that here), all about money, banking and the Federal Reserve in the US.



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The Matrix – A Poem by Paradox

I know Paradox from the London party scene. He’s a good chap :)

Here is a great poem he wrote about money and banking

The Matrix



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Money

A Brief History of Money

Contrary to popular belief, when banks make loans, they are not lending out money that people have deposited with them, but are instead creating completely new money, out of nothing. Absurd as this may seem, the fact is that 97% of our current money supply is created in this way – by private banks, out of nothing.

What’s more, in order to make a guaranteed profit, the banks create money out of nothing, lend it to us at interest, and then demand we pay back more money than exists! Collectively we are left in the impossible situation of always owing more money than actually exists.

Instead of telling the banks where to go (by creating our own money systems based on collective mutual advantage and reciprocity), we then scramble to the banks and beg them to lend us more money. This situation is utter madness.

Money for nothing.

Creating money out of nothing first emerged in the 13 century, at goldsmiths’ benches (or bancos) in Italy, when receipts issued for deposits of gold, goldsmiths’ “tokens of promise to pay”, began to be used for trade because they were much easier to exchange than the gold itself. Goldsmiths soon realised that depositors would never try to retrieve all of their gold at the same time, and so cleverly, or perhaps deviously, began to issue tokens (i.e. create money) for gold they didn’t have (i.e. out of nothing).

This was the beginning of both western “promise to pay” paper currencies and of the so-called “fractional reserve banking” systems that persist today – “fractional reserve banking” being the fancy name given to the process that enables banks, like the goldsmiths before them, to create more money than they hold, out of nothing.

Money and War

The ability to create money out of nothing inevitably gave bankers, and the banking system as a whole, a significant amount of power – a power that was increased substantially during the 17th century when “a deal was struck between the governments and the banking system. The banking system obtained the right to create money as “legal tender” in exchange for a commitment always to provide whatever funds the government needed” – Bernard Lietaer, Future of Money

This power was first granted to the Riksbank in Sweden (then called the Bank of the Estates of the Realm) when in 1668 the crown needed urgent money to fund a war against Denmark. Similarly, the Bank England was founded in 1694 when King William of Orange needed an extra £1.2 million to fund a war against the French.

At Bretton Woods, 250 years later, war was again instrumental in the shaping of today’s global economic (dis)order. A year before the end of World War II, on July 22nd 1944, the Bretton Woods Agreement was signed in New Hampshire, USA and the US dollar became the de facto currency of the world. Under this agreement, 44 countries “had to fix their currencies to the US dollar, and the US committed in counterpart to keep its dollar convertible into gold upon request from any central bank at the fixed rate of US$35 per ounce of gold.

A new institution – the International Monetary Fund (IMF) – was created to police the system…(and it) worked well for over two decades until President Johnson introduced his “guns and butter” strategy during the Vietnam War…This triggered an unprecedented dollar outflow from the US … (and) it was these substantial dollar holdings in the hands of foreign central banks that were to force President Nixon in 1971 to renege on the convertability promise of dollars into gold” – Bernard Lietaer, Future of Money

Thus, when Britain and France wanted to convert dollars into gold, and Nixon said “no”, dollars – the linchpin of global economic system – were no longer backed by a fractional reserve of gold, but by nothing. Since that time, the dollar has represented a promise from the US government to redeem the dollar with – another dollar. This further increased US influence in global monetary policy and, with currency exchange rates left to the whims of the market, inaugerated an era of unprecedented monetary instability; today’s “global casino” of international trade, completely dominated by speculation, had been born.

So, under the present banking system, we allow banks to create money out of nothing, so long as they hold a fractional reserve, not of gold, but of money previously created out of nothing. This is a pretty clever a trick (more devious even than the Italian goldsmiths), but it’s still only half the picture: modern banks don’t just create money out of nothing, they create it by lending it to us at interest, insisting that we pay back more money than actually exists! – we have to pay back what we’ve borrowed (i.e. the money we’ve allowed the banks to create out of nothing) plus interest (i.e. money that doesn’t even exist).

Paying back more money than actually exists is, of course, impossible – unless, that is, more money is created, by issuing more loans and creating more debt. This “debt imperative”, the perpetual need for more money to pay back our ever-expanding and constantly spiralling debt, leads in turn to a “growth imperative”, the need for perpetual economic growth. Unfortunately, we now know conslusively that perpetual economic growth is neither possible nor desirable.



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Money Today

I wrote this a while back on the old united diversity wiki as a simple (as in simplified) introduction to how money works today:

How money works today.

How money works today is completely ludicrous.

It pits people against each other and guarantees that the rich get richer while the poor get poorer.

To understand how, imagine there are only 2 friends and a bank, and that in order to buy food, pay their rent, and trade amongst themselves, the 2 friends need money that only the bank can create.

The bank (actually an already wealthy 3rd person) creates £20 and gives £10 to each of the 2 friends.

All the bank asks is that both pay back £11 next year. Since the 2 friends need the money to eat, they agree, gratefully accepting the £10 that helps them to fulfil their immediate needs.

They even promise (because the bank insists that they do) that if they are unable to pay back the £11 next year, they will allow the bank to take some of their belongings as payment.

The problem is, it is totally impossible for both to pay back £11, because the bank only created £20, and 2 x £11 = £22 – more money than actually exists.

The only way either of the 2 friends can pay back the £11 is to get the extra £1 they need off the other.

This leaves their friend with only £9, unable to repay their £11 debt.

The 2 friends are now pitted against each other, both desperately trying to get the extra £1 they need off the other in order to avoid having to hand over some (or all) of their belongings.

Whatever happens, in the end at least one of them is going to lose some of their belongings, and it s the bank (the already rich 3rd person) that is going to get them.

Basically that s how banking works, and that s why bankers (the rich) get richer and the poor get poorer.



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More money books

A while back I posted Money Books, a collection of my favourite books all about money.

Now, with the global economy struggling on all sides with economic collapse, climate change and peak oil very much beginning to kick in, I thought I share a few more good reads on the subject.

Hopefully lots and lots of people will read these books and we can finally move away from Money as Debt madness towards a saner banking system. :


Money and Liberation

Peter North. University of Minnesota Press 2007, Paperback, 240 pages, £15.50

“A firsthand view of local currencies that are providing alternatives to global capital.

Is conventional money simply a discourse? Is it merely a socially constructed unit of exchange? If money is not an actual thing, are people then free to make collective agreements to use other forms of currency that might work more effectively for them? Proponents of “better money” argue that they have created currencies that value people more than profitability, ensuring that human needs are met with reasonable costs and decent wages—and supporting local economies that emphasize local sustainability. How did proponents develop these new economies? Are their claims valid?

Grappling with these questions and more, Money and Liberation examines the experiences of groups who have tried to build a more equitable world by inventing new forms of money. Presenting in-depth profiles of the trading networks that have been constructed both historically and more recently, including Local Exchange Trading Schemes (England), Green Dollars (New Zealand), Talente (Hungary), and the barter system in Argentina, Peter North shows how the use of currency has been redefined as part of political action, revealing surprising political ambiguity and a nuanced understanding of the potential and limits on alternative currencies as a resistance practice.”


Funny Money

David Boyle. HarperCollins Publishers Ltd 1999, Hardcover, 320 pages, £132.66

“Only our limited ideas about money are keeping us poor…”

Funny Money is written like a travelogue and features the new alchemists of the USA who have found new ways of conjuring money out of next to nothing. After reading this book, you will never think about money in quite the same way again.

It was this book where I first read about Deli Dollars, a precursor to Berkshares (which has recently inspired the Totnes Pound and the Lewis Pound here in the UK).

See my draft proposal for Sustainable Enterprise Agency (.pdf) that I wrote back May 2002 after reading this book :)


The Web of Debt

Ellen Hodgson Brown. Third Millennium Press 2008, Paperback, 528 pages, £13.30

“Our money system is not what we have been led to believe. The creation of money has been “privatized,” or taken over by a private money cartel. Except for coins, all of our money is now created as loans advanced by private banking institutions — including the private Federal Reserve. Banks create the principal but not the interest to service their loans. To find the interest, new loans must continually be taken out, expanding the money supply, inflating prices — and robbing you of the value of your money. Web of Debt unravels the deception and presents a crystal clear picture of the financial abyss towards which we are heading. Then it explores a workable alternative, one that was tested in colonial America and is grounded in the best of American economic thought, including the writings of Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson and Abraham Lincoln. If you care about financial security, your own or the nation’s, you should read this book.”


No More Throw-away People

Edgar S. Cahn. Essential Books Ltd 2000, Paperback, 226 pages, £11.99

Civil Rights lawyer Edgar Cahn came up with the idea of Time Banking whilst ill in hospital feeling useless. It occurred to him the as a legal expert he wasn’t useless but that whilst in hospital he was totally reliant on the nurse’s and doctor’s time.

He thought about it some more and realised there are probably thousands of older people who feel useless but aren’t. He convinced Elderplan (a health insurance company for old people in US) to give the idea ago and they got some of their customers to try it out.

The results were amazing. Just getting old people to earn time credits by calling each other up to check up on each other had a radically positive effect on their health – so much so that Elderplan started letting those that participated in the system part-pay the insurance premiums in time credits!

And its not just old people either. Everyone can benefit from building new trusting social relations and the sense of community belonging that time banking can induce. :)

Which is why now, time banking has become one of the most widespread models of community currency/ mutual credit systems in the world.


The Coming First World Debt Crisis

Ann Pettifor. Palgrave Macmillan 2006, Paperback, 232 pages, £8.39

“In this book, Ann Pettifor turns her attention away from the debt crisis affecting developing countries and examines the issues of debt affecting the first world or OECD countries. She examines the history and roots of where the current international debt crisis stems from – economic liberalization – and the restructuring of the international financial architecture in the early 1970s. The book goes on to explore the implications of high international indebtedness for governments, corporations, households and individuals. An important and unique contribution is Pettifor’s discussion of the justice and morality of debt, particularly for individuals.”


The Political Economy of Social Credit and Guild Socialism

Frances Hutchinson. Jon Carpenter 2005, Paperback, 212 pages, £17.60

“The contribution of Douglas-Orage to the incorporation of the non-market sectors of the economy – health, education, social security, the environment – is crucial. The power grab of the banking system that Douglas and his associates identified almost a century ago, have come into a lethal flowering. In the long-overdue reassessment for what passes as economic science, their ideas will require careful attention. The Hutchinson Burkitt book is mandatory for preparing ourselves for the task.”


Debt Virus

Jacques S. Jaikaran. Glenbridge Publishing, Ltd. 1995, Paperback, £13.42

“Dr. Jaikaran has made a compelling case that our civilization is piling up too much debt, causing debt inflation and creating dangerous monetary conditions. He also provides intriguing information about who owns the Federal Reserve (it’s not who you think), how banking really works, the history of money, where our money comes, what banking systems might offer safer alternative systems from and other important facts.”


The Final Crash

Hugo Bouleau. Pendula Press Limited 2007, Hardcover, 246 pages, £13.63

“Here is a disquieting dispatch from someone deeply embedded in the financial world and all us amateur punters should sit up and take note. Do not say later you were not warned.” –Lord Desai, Emeritus Professor of Economics, London School of Economics


Rethinking Our Centralized Monetary System

Lewis D. Solomon. Greenwood Press 1996, Hardcover, 184 pages, £65.00

“We must rethink our centralised monetary system as part of a larger re-examination of existing political economy, according to Solomon. In questioning the passive acceptance of a federal monopoly in producing money, the author challenges prevailing notions of “progress” and “economic life”. Advancing the idea of local currencies to promote a political economy based on empowerment, self-reliance, and ecological permanence, the book discusses three viable systems, all of which are possible under federal and state laws: barter, customer discounts, and local scrip not pegged to the US dollar. The business and practical aspects of each of these systems is considered. This work should be of interest to scholars, students and policy-makers in political economy, money and banking, public finance and public policy.”


What Everybody (Really) Wants to Know About Money

Frances Hutchinson. Jon Carpenter 1998, Paperback, 224 pages, £9.24

An early title written by Frances Hutchinson who worked on the book with Mike Rowbotham (author of the excellent Grip of Death, see Money Books)



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Money Books

After our last Open Coin meeting George Walker took us into his office to continue chatting.

He is a fascinating chap, check out his CV (.pdf).

In the first OpenCoin meeting he said (in a strong Scottish accent):

“I think there is going to be a global currency. I call it the Global. This will either be a top-down currency from the IMF and World Bank, like existing SDRs (Special Drawing Rights), or a bottom-up, grassroots initiative, like what you are doing, which is much more exciting”

He went on to say:

“either you guys are going to be billionaires, or its fines and jail”.

And:

“I can defend you in court, I’ve not been to court for a while now, and then I can write a book about it”

Anyway, in his capacity as Professor in International Financial Law George teaches a popular course in Banking Law. He gives his students an introductory reading list which includes titles by authors such as Noam Chomsky, Howard Zinn and Naomi Klein. I spotted some of these titles on his bookshelf in his office and so asked for him to send me his list of books (.pdf), which he kindly did. :)

Considering it is an introductory reading list for a course in Banking Law there are a surprising and refreshing amount of relatively radical titles in the list. I was surprised however that none of my favourite money books were included.

So George, how about adding some (or all!) of these titles to your list?


Money

Thomas Greco. Chelsea Green Pub Co 2001, Paperback, 320 pages, £11.26

You can download a pdf extract of this book here. See also author’s Beyond Money blog, his personal blog and website.


The Future of Money

B.A. Lietaer. Century 2002, Paperback, 384 pages, £10.99

Read an interview with Bernard Lietaer in YES! Magazine’s Summer ‘97 edition all about creating your own money. Also check out some key points from the book


The Little Money Book (Alastair Sawday’s Fragile Earth)

David Boyle. Alastair Sawday’s 2003, Paperback, 192 pages, £2.90

A great little book with links to lots of further reading and info.


The Money Changers

David Boyle (Editor). Earthscan Ltd 2002, Hardcover, 274 pages, £18.75

Another great book from David Boyle, associate at the new economics foundation


The Grip of Death

Michael Rowbotham. Jon Carpenter 1998, Paperback, 336 pages, £10.49

Grip of Death is the literal translation of Mortgage. Read the first chapter here


The Ecology of Money

Richard Douthwaite. Green Books 2000, Paperback, 78 pages, £2.98

Read this book online here


Healthy Money Healthy Planet

Deirdre Kent. Craig Potton Publishing 2005, Paperback, 320 pages, £21.50

Read a draft copy and critique of the book here and check out the author’s blog


The Politics of Money

Frances Hutchinson. Pluto Press 2002, Paperback, 256 pages, £18.99

A academic look at money from a marxist/ feminist perspective. Very well written.


A History of Money

Glyn Davies. University of Wales Press 2002, Paperback, 750 pages, £17.85

Check out Glyn’s excellent website on the same topic.

The Lost Science of Money

Stephen A. Zarlenga. American Monetary Institute Charitable Trust 2002, Hardcover, 736 pages, £35.00

See the American Monetary Institute’s website for more details

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Convergence 13: Transition Strategies

This looks set to be an amazing event…

Cultivate Update

cultivate your self | community | world

Friday 22nd Feb 2008

Convergence 13: Transition Strategies

Post Carbon Cities, Transition Towns and Eco-Villages 

3rd to the 7th of April 2008 | Festival Pass: €120 until March 10th (€150 thereafter)

Bookings 01 674 5773 or Online

Attention climate activists, community workers, environmentalists, academics, change agents and cultural creatives, if you are at the leading edge of sustainability, or want to be, then this festival is not to be missed. There are only 100 tickets available for this timely event.  Book now!

Convergence brings together people and ideas to explore how communities can build resilience in a future of energy and climate uncertainty.


Featuring:

  • The Community Powerdown Symposium, two days of workshops and discussion
  • Lecture by Daniel Lerch, author of Post Carbon Cities
  • Film and talk with Megan Quinn Bachman, Community Solutions, Ohio, the co-writer and co-director of The Power of Community: How Cuba Survived Peak Oil
  • Fantastic networking opportunities  

Full Schedule 

The Rethinking Lecture : Rethinking the City for an Uncertain Future

Thursday 3rd April | 19.30 – 21.30 | €18
Daniel Lerch is the author of Post Carbon Cities: Planning for Energy and Climate Uncertainty, the first major municipal guidebook on peak oil and global warming. He is a program manager with Post Carbon Institute, and has worked on urban planning issues for over ten years in the public, private and non-profit sectors

Vital Viewing : The Power of Community: How Cuba Survived Peak Oil (2006)
Friday 4th April  | 18.00 – 19.30 | €5 (included in lecture price)
This documentary film explores the economic collapse and eventual recovery of Cuba following the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991. Following the dramatic steps taken by both the Cuban government and citizens, its major themes include urban agriculture, energy independence and sustainability. The film was directed by Faith Morgan, and co produced by our main speaker, Megan Quinn

The Transition Lecture : Plan C: Community Strategies for Oil Depletion and Climate Change
Friday 4th April | 20.00 – 22.00 | €18
Megan Quinn Bachman, Community Solution, Ohio, USA
Introduced by Ben Brangwyn, Transition Network, Totnes, UK  

The Convergence Symposium : Skilling Up For Powerdown 

Saturday 5th April | 9.30 – 17.00 and Sunday 6th April | 11.00-17.00 | €120 (Includes a light lunch on both days) (full details)

Talks, workshops and World Café discussions on how we communicate and accelerate community responses to oil depletion and climate change

With John Gormley, Davie Philip, Daniel Lerch, Megan Quinn, Ben Brangwyn, Jonathan Dawson, Anne B Ryan, Graham Strouts, Professor Peadar Kirby, Paul Allen, Tim Helwig Larson, Seamus Hoyne, Adam de Eyto, Magnus Wolfe Murray, Bruce Darrell, Dave Yaffey, Graham Strouts, Pat Fleming, Chris Chapman, Oisín Coghlan and David Korowicz

An Introduction to the Irish Transition Network
Saturday 5th April | 18.30 – 20.00 | €Free
Special networking meeting for communities involved or interested in Transition initiatives in Ireland

The Powerdown Lounge

Saturday 5th April | 19.30- 00.00 | €Free in

The basement bar in Crush at the bottom of S. Great Georges St. will be the venue for this year’s Lounge.  Enjoy local brews from the Porterhouse, chilled out music and visuals and relax with festival participants.

Convergence Events at the Village (Cloughjordan, North Tipperary) – Monday April 7th

Rural Transitions Open Space: “How will our towns and villages reduce carbon emissions and build resilience in an era of climate and energy uncertainty?”

14.00 – 17.00
Organised in association with the Cloughjordan Development Association and the Cloughjordan Business Network


Vital Viewing
: The Power of Community: How Cuba Survived Peak Oil

18.00 – 19.30
See above

Public Presentation: Cloughjordan, a Village in Transition

20.00 – 22.00
Local, national and international speakers on how Cloughjordan can prosper in an era of climate and energy uncertainty.
Organised by the Cultivate Centre with Sustainable Projects Ireland, the Cloughjordan Development Association, the Cloughjordan Business Network and SERVE
 

Biographies 


Megan Quinn
is from the Community Solutions, a non-profit
organization in the US focusing on achieving sustainability by reducing
energy consumption in the household sectors of food, transportation,
and housing. Megan co-wrote and co-produced her organisation’s
award-winning documentary, The Power of Community: How Cuba Survived Peak Oil (2006).



Daniel Lerch
is the author of ‘Post Carbon Cities: Planning for Energy and Climate Uncertainty’,
the first major municipal guidebook on peak oil and global warming.
Daniel is a program manager with Post Carbon Institute, and has worked
on urban planning issues for over ten years in the public, private and
non-profit sectors.



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